19 Frugalitatis.

20 [Again the Duoe Vioe. See capp. 1 and 5, in (eds. Hitchcock and Brown) the Bryennios ms., pp. 3 and 13.]

21 [Again the Duoe Vioe. See capp. 1 and 5, in (eds. Hitchcock and Brown) the Bryennios ms., pp. 3 and 13.]

22 [Universal redemption is lovingly set forth by our author.]

23 [A reference to the baptismal rite; the catechumen renouncing the works of darkness with his face to the west, and turning eastward to confess the Sun of Righteousness.]

24 Virg., Aeneid, vi. 542.

25 Posita sunt omnia. There is another reading, "posuit Deus omnia."

26 Pignoribus.

27 It was customary in many of the ancient states to connect the year with the name of the chief magistrate who was then in office. Thus at Athens the title of the chief magistrate was Archon Eponymus, giving name to the year; and at Rome, the year was reckoned by the names of the consuls then in office.

28 [Ut infinita et perpetua potestate dominos se dici velint universi generis humani. A bold hint to Constantine.]

29 Variis. Another reading is "vanis."

30 Philosophiam in oculos impingit. [A warning to the emperor, a reflection on such as the Antonines, and a prolepsis of Julian.]

31 [Inutilia.]

32 Hostem atque inimicum: the former word signifies a "public," the latter a "private enemy."

33 [De Officiis, passim. Notably, to begin with, book i. cap. 3: "Triplex igitur," etc.]

34 [De Nat. Deor., iii. See also De Off., cap. 5, sec. 18.]

35 Epist., i. 1. 41.

36 [To be taken with a grain of salt, but apparently comprehended in our author's personal theodicy.]

37 Poene: others read "plenè," and "planè." [c. 30, p. 100, supra.]

38 [The first of the three inutilia of Lucilius, ut supra, thus: (1) "Virtus quaerendae rei finem scire, modumgue;" (2) "Virtus divitiis pretium persolvere posse;" (3) "Virtus id dare quod re ipsa debetur honori." See p. 167, supra.]

39 See chap. v. [p. 167, supra.]

40 Ratio virtutis.

41 [How I love our author for his winning reproof of mere philosophical virtue in contrast with evangelical righteousness!]

42 [See the Quis Dives Salvetur of Clement, vol. ii. p. 591, this series.]

43 Haggai. ii. 7. "La journée de Pharsale fut la dernière heure de la liberté. Le sénat, les lois, le peuple, les moeurs, le mond romain étaient anéantis avec Pompée."-Lamartine.]

44 [See, on Pharsalia, etc., Lamartine's eloquent remarks, Vie des Grands Hommes (César), vol. v. pp. 276-277, ed Paris, 1856.]

45 De Offic., iii. 6.

46 Funditus, "from the very foundation."

47 Moremque civilem.

48 De Offic., iii. 17.

49 Umbrâ et imaginibus. The figure is borrowed partly from sculpture and partly from painting. "Effigies" is the moulded form, as opposed to the mere outline, "umbra" and "imago."

50 De Offic., iii. 4. The words, "aut ab illis fortitudinis, aut," have not been translated, because they refer to the "Decii" and the "Scipiones," who are mentioned by Cicero as examples of bravery, but are omitted by Lactantius.

51 [See p. 101, supra]

52 [Ex mediorum officiorum frequentia, etc.]

53 [Rom. i. 22.]

54 Praecursor: the exact meaning of the word is a "scout."

55 Verisimilia: the word generally means "probabilities."

56 Praevaricator; properly an advocate who, by collusion, favours the cause of his opponent.

57 Frugi.

58 Diverticula.

59 Simplex, as opposed to the various paths of the other.

60 Multo clarior sol est, quàm hic. Others read, "Multo clarius sole est, quàm hic," etc.

61 [Repub., iii. cap. 22, 16.]

62 Abrogo is to repeal or abrogate wholly; "derogo," to abrogate in part, or modify; "obrogo," to supersede by another law.

63 Abrogo is to repeal or abrogate wholly; "derogo," to abrogate in part, or modify; "obrogo," to supersede by another law.

64 Divinent. [Illustrative of the Sibyllina, and, in short, of Balaam; and not less of Rom. ii. 14, 15.]

65 [Dan vii. 23. An appeal for reformation.]

66 [ 1 Cor. iii. 11-15. But are the heathen to be judged by the New Covenant? See vol. ii. (Clement, sparsim), this series.]

67 [1 Cor. xv. 19.]